Diabetes

Diagram comparing normal glucose regulation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: insulin from the pancreas enables glucose to enter body cells normally; type 1 shows absent insulin secretion, while type 2 shows insulin resistance and glucose buildup in the bloodstream.

Diabetes

Diagram showing insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose, with arrows linking the pancreas, liver, cells, and blood vessel.

Insulin

Diagram illustrating metformin’s mechanisms of action, including AMPK activation and effects on muscle, liver, and adipose tissue that reduce hyperglycemia.

Metformin

Diagram of a renal proximal tubule showing sodium and glucose movement, GLUT-2 transport, the sodium/potassium ATPase pump, and an SGLT-2 inhibitor blocking the SGLT-2 receptor.

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Diagram of GLP-1 in a blood vessel showing effects on the brain, pancreas, and stomach, with text indicating increased satiety and insulin, and decreased appetite, glucagon, gastric motility, and gastric emptying.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Diagram of a pancreatic beta cell showing sulfonylurea inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and insulin secretion.

Sulfonylureas

Diagram showing DPP-4 inhibitors blocking DPP-4, preserving incretins GLP-1 and GIP, stimulating insulin release, inhibiting glucagon release, and lowering blood glucose.

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Diagram showing pioglitazone activating PPAR receptors, which dimerize with RXR on DNA and promote target gene expression, including GLUT-4, FATP, and LPL.

Pioglitazone

Popular

Antihypertensives

ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

by Megan Boucher

Oncology

Hormonal Therapies

by Megan Boucher

Anticoagulants & Antiplatelets

Parenteral Anticoagulants

by Megan Boucher